Thyroid Gland Diseases – Diagnosis and Treatment at German Clinic Marbella
The thyroid gland – a small organ with a big impact
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck, below the larynx. It produces essential hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and many bodily functions.
How does the thyroid work?
The hormones produced by the thyroid, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), influence key processes in the body. The production of hormones is regulated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. An imbalance can cause health problems.
Typical symptoms of a thyroid disease
Thyroid disorders can manifest themselves with various symptoms:
- Hyperthyroidism: Nervousness, weight loss, tachycardia, excessive sweating, tremors, diarrhea.
- Hypothyroidism: Fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, concentration problems.
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Chronic inflammation of the thyroid, frequently associated with fatigue and depressive states.
- Thyroid nodules: They may be benign or malignant and require detailed evaluation.
- Iodine deficiency: May cause thyroid enlargement or nodule formation.
When is a thyroid test recommended?
An evaluation is recommended in cases of weight changes, persistent fatigue or mood alterations. Also if there is a family history or palpable changes in the thyroid gland.
Who is most affected?
Women are more likely to develop thyroid disease than men. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, iodine deficiency and autoimmune diseases.
Methods for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases
To diagnose thyroid problems there are several methods of evaluation:
- Blood tests: Determination of thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and TSH regulatory hormone.
- Ultrasound: Evaluation of the size, structure and presence of nodules.
- Gammagraphy: Detection of functional alterations of the thyroid.
Most common thyroid diseases
The most common thyroid diseases include:
- Hypothyroidism: Usually caused by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or iodine deficiency.
- Hyperthyroidism: Caused by Graves’ disease or autonomous thyroid adenomas.
- Thyroid cancer: Infrequent, but of great clinical importance.
- Thyroid nodules: They may be benign or malignant and should be carefully examined.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the cause of the disease:
- Pharmacological therapy: Hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine, while hyperthyroidism is treated with antithyroid drugs.
- Thyroid surgery: In cases of large nodules or suspected cancer, surgical removal may be necessary.
- Radioactive iodine therapy: Indicated in cases of hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer.
- Iodine supplementation: Correction of an iodine deficiency by means of an adequate diet or nutritional supplements.
Conclusion
The thyroid gland plays a key role in human metabolism. Regular check-ups make it possible to detect and treat thyroid diseases early. If you experience symptoms such as extreme fatigue, unexplained weight changes or tachycardia, a medical consultation is recommended. At German Clinic Marbella we offer a complete diagnosis and personalized treatment plans for your thyroid health.
