Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
What is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland. The immune system mistakenly attacks thyroid tissue, which in the long term can lead to hypothyroidism. The disease can develop slowly and is often detected in advanced stages.
Causes and risk factors
The exact causes of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are not yet fully understood, but there are several factors that may increase the risk:
- Genetic predisposition: First-degree relatives are at higher risk.
- Hormonal changes: Hashimoto’s is more common during pregnancy or menopause.
- Iodine imbalance: Both iodine deficiency and iodine excess can influence the development of the disease.
- Stress and environmental factors: Chronic stress can affect the immune system and enhance autoimmune processes.
Symptoms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Symptoms can go unnoticed for years and vary from person to person. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Fatigue and exhaustion
- Weight gain without dietary changes
- Hair loss and dry skin
- Depressed mood and concentration problems
- Sensitivity to cold
- Digestive problems and constipation
In some cases, inflammatory flares with symptoms of hyperthyroidism may occur before hypothyroidism predominates.
Diagnostic methods
Diagnosis is based on several tests:
- Blood tests: Determination of TSH levels and free thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
- Antibody tests: Detection of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies as indicators of Hashimoto’s disease.
- Ultrasound: Evaluation of inflammatory changes or damage to thyroid tissue.
Treatment options
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis cannot be cured, but it can be effectively controlled. Treatment usually consists of lifelong administration of thyroid hormones (levothyroxine). It is essential to adjust the dose appropriately to avoid symptoms and maintain normal metabolism.
In addition, a healthy lifestyle can help alleviate symptoms:
- Balanced diet with sufficient selenium (present in Brazil nuts, for example).
- Stress reduction through relaxation techniques.
- Regular exercise to stimulate metabolism.
Are there specific dietary recommendations?
No special diet is required, but some nutritional strategies may be beneficial:
- Moderate iodine intake, avoiding seaweed and iodized salt if there is intolerance.
- Gluten-free diet may help some patients, as gluten may enhance autoimmune processes.
- Foods rich in selenium (fish, eggs, Brazil nuts) are essential for thyroid function.
- Avoid lactose if there is intolerance.
Is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis hereditary?
Yes, there is a genetic predisposition. If one of the parents has the disease, the risk in the children increases. However, the disease is not inevitable and environmental factors and lifestyle also play a role.
How can disease progression be slowed down?
Although Hashimoto’s thyroiditis cannot be cured, steps can be taken to support thyroid function:
- Regular monitoring of hormone levels with an endocrinologist.
- Avoiding chronic stress
- Follow a healthy diet and avoid pro-inflammatory foods.
- Getting enough sleep and regular exercise
Conclusion
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a common autoimmune disease that can lead to hypothyroidism over time. Early diagnosis and proper treatment with thyroid hormones can significantly improve quality of life. Through a balanced diet, stress reduction and regular medical check-ups, it is possible to positively influence the course of the disease. At German Clinic Marbella, we offer expert advice and personalized care for your thyroid health.
