Endometriosis – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Endometriosis: A common but often undiagnosed disease
Endometriosis is a chronic and often painful disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. These so-called endometriosis foci can settle in the ovaries, peritoneum or other pelvic organs, causing various discomforts. Many women suffer symptoms for years without receiving a clear diagnosis.
How does endometriosis develop?
The exact cause of endometriosis is not completely clear. However, there are several theories about its origin, among them:
- Retrograde menstruation: Menstrual blood with endometrial cells travels through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity and implants there.
- Genetic predisposition: Familial incidence may increase the risk.
- Abnormal cell transformation: Cells outside the uterus become endometrial-like tissue.
- Hormonal and immunological influence: A hormonal imbalance or an altered immune response may favor the growth of endometriosis foci.
What symptoms can endometriosis cause?
The severity of symptoms can vary. The most common include:
- Severe menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea)
- Chronic pelvic pain, especially during the cycle
- Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Discomfort when urinating or defecating
- Involuntary infertility, as the disease can affect fertility
- Ovarian cysts (endometriomas)
How is endometriosis diagnosed?
Because the symptoms are nonspecific, diagnosis usually takes several years. An endometriosis specialist can identify the disease by the following methods:
- Gynecological examination: Palpation to detect hardening.
- Ultrasound: Evaluation of changes in ovaries and uterus.
- Laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery): The only method to directly identify endometriosis foci and, if necessary, remove them.
What treatment options are available?
Appropriate treatment depends on the severity of the disease, symptoms and a possible desire for pregnancy. Options include:
- Hormonal therapy: Progestogens or GnRH analogs can inhibit the growth of endometriosis foci.
- Pain therapy: Analgesics such as ibuprofen can relieve symptoms.
- Surgery: In centers specialized in endometriosis, the affected tissue can be removed by laparoscopy.
- Alternative approaches: An anti-inflammatory diet, acupuncture or pelvic floor physiotherapy may be helpful.
Is endometriosis curable?
There is currently no definitive cure. However, proper treatment can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.
Endometriosis and fertility
Many women with endometriosis have difficulty conceiving. The disease can cause adhesions and scarring in the fallopian tubes, making it difficult for the egg to be fertilized. Depending on the case, surgical treatment or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be considered.
Possible complications
If left untreated, endometriosis can lead to serious consequences:
- Permanent adhesions in the abdominal cavity
- Severe scarring and chronic pain
- Alterations in bladder or bowel function
- Ruptured ovarian cysts
Risk factors for endometriosis
Several factors can increase the risk of developing endometriosis, including:
- Genetic predisposition
- Early menstruation and late menopause
- Short menstrual cycles and prolonged menstrual periods
- Hormonal imbalances
How to relieve endometriosis pain?
- Analgesics: NSAIDs such as ibuprofen help reduce pain.
- Heat: Applying hot compresses or taking warm baths may relieve spasms.
- Diet: Following an anti-inflammatory diet may reduce symptoms.
- Exercise: Activities such as yoga or physical therapy may be beneficial.
Conclusion
Endometriosis is a serious disease that must be diagnosed and treated early. With a proper diagnosis in a center specialized in endometriosis and a personalized therapy, it is possible to control the symptoms and significantly improve the quality of life of those affected.
